Argon is one of the most common carrier gases in gas chromatography. Argon is used as a carrier gas in sputtering, plasma etching and ion implantations, and as a blanket atmosphere in crystal growth.
The most common source of argon is an air separation plant. Air contains approx. 0.93% (vol.) argon. A crude argon stream containing up to 5% oxygen is removed from the main air separation column via a secondary (“side-arm”) column. The crude argon is then further purified to produce the various commercial grades required. Argon may also be recovered from the exhaust stream of certain ammonia plants.
| Gas | Argon |
| CAS No. | 7440-37-1 |
| Purity | ≥99.99% |
One of the most common application of argon, either pure or in various mixtures, is as a shielding gas for arc welding.
Argon is used as an insulation gas in high-efficiency multi-pane windows to improve thermal insulation.
Argon is also used in the iron and steel industry to prevent oxidation of molten metals and alloys and for degassing and desulphurization of molten steel and iron baths.
The pharmaceutical industry uses argon to displace oxygen in the top of intravenous drug containers, extending product shelf-life. Liquid argon is used in cryosurgery e.g., cryoablation to destroy cancer cells.
Argon is used for wine preservation to eliminate air by the heavier argon, to prevent oxidation and extend the product quality for opened bottles and barrels.
Argon is used, often in a mixture with hydrogen, as a protective atmosphere for the heat treatment of certain metals, particularly those which are susceptible to nitriding when treated in a nitrogen-based atmosphere. This includes stainless steels and many different specialized and there-fore small-scale applications.
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