Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. The relative density of gas (air=1) is 1.105 at 21.1℃ and 101.3kPa, and the density of liquid is 1141kg/m3 at the boiling point. Oxygen is not toxic, but exposure to high concentrations of oxygen can have adverse effects on the lungs and central nervous system. Oxygen can be shipped as a non-liquefied gas at a pressure of 13790kPa or as a cryogenic liquid.
Many oxidation reactions in the chemical industry use pure oxygen rather than air in order to benefit from higher reaction rates, easier product separation, higher yields, or smaller equipment size.
Oxygen is obtained on a commercial scale by the liquefaction and subsequent distillation of air. For very high purity oxygen it is normally necessary to take the product from an air separation plant through a secondary purification and distillation stage. Alternatively high purity oxygen may be produced by the electrolysis of water. Lower purities of oxygen an also be produced with membrane technique.
| Gas | Oxygen/Liquid oxygen |
| CAS No. | 7782-44-7 |
| Purity | ≥99.2% |
High purity oxygen is used for the formation of silicon dioxide and metal oxide, as an etchant for photoresist, and in mixtures with halocarbons for etching silicon.
Oxygen is also used in conjunction with hydrogen to fuel torches for welding, brazing, glass blowing and tube sealing for a variety of electronic components such as reed relay switches.
Injecting oxygen into sewage treatment plants accelerates the decomposition of sewage.
Oxygen is used for chemical synthesis. Oxygen is used as an oxidizer.
Oxygen is used to supplement or replace air in burners used in many different industries in order to obtain increased temperatures. Typical applications are found in the steel, non-ferrous, glass and concrete industries amongst many others. Oxygen is used for flame sealing of glass ampuls for finished products for the pharmaceutical industry and the chemical industry.
In the food industry, oxygen is used in the transportation of live fish and seafoods. Oxygen is used in some cases for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of food stuffs. It is used either pure or in mixtures with carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen.
Liquid oxygen is used in liquid oxygen explosives, and as a comburent in space propulsion.
Oxygen is used in medical gas mixtures.
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