Ammonia

NH3

17g/mol

NH3 is not a base, it cannot be ionized, it is a non-electrolyte, but it is an alkaline gas.

Ammonia is a compound, because ammonia is synthesized from N atoms and H atoms to form molecules, and it is also a gas. After being dissolved in water, it reacts with water to generate ammonium and hydroxide. At this time, there are more hydroxides in water than hydrogen ions. So the solution is alkaline. Ammonia has a strong irritating odor, is soluble in water, ethanol and ether, decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature, has a reducing effect, and can be oxidized to nitric oxide in the presence of a catalyst.

Ammonia is toxic and can burn the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes of the respiratory organs. Excessive inhalation can cause lung swelling and even death.

Ammonia cannot be combusted in air, but can be combusted in pure oxygen, so ammonia is not a flammable gas.

Ammonia is polar molecule.

Ammonia density 0.7710 g/L (standard condition), melting point -77.7°C, boiling point -33.35°C, critical temperature 132.9°C, critical pressure 11342.3kPa (112.3 atmospheres)

1. The vaporized liquid ammonia is highly volatile and highly irritating, and irritation of the nasal mucosa can cause suffocation. It can cause redness and swelling of the throat, causing coughing and hoarseness.
2. Long-term exposure to high-concentration ammonia can cause emphysema and pneumonia, stimulate the nervous system, and destroy respiratory function and blood circulation.
3. Skin contact with high concentration of ammonia gas will absorb its tissue moisture, alkalize fat, and cause dissolved tissue necrosis.
4. The sensitivity of the olfactory organs will change with a long exposure time.
5. The vaporized ammonia gas is also explosive, and its explosion range in the air is 16.0-25.0%, which is easy to pose a threat to personal safety.

After the liquid ammonia absorbs the heat of the object to be cooled in the evaporator, it is vaporized into low-pressure and low-temperature ammonia gas, which is inhaled by the compressor, compressed into high-pressure and high-temperature ammonia gas, and then discharged into the condenser. It is then condensed into high-pressure ammonia liquid in the condenser, throttled by the throttle valve to low-pressure and low-temperature ammonia liquid, and then enters the evaporator again to absorb heat and vaporize to achieve the purpose of circulating ammonia refrigeration.

Ammonia density 0.7710 g/L (standard condition), melting point -77.7°C, boiling point -33.35°C, critical temperature 132.9°C, critical pressure 11342.3kPa (112.3 atmospheres)

1. Ammonia is used to manufacture ammonia water, nitrogen fertilizer, compound fertilizer, nitric acid, ammonium salt, soda ash, etc.
2. Widely used in chemical, light industry, fertilizer, pharmaceutical, synthetic fiber and other fields.
3. Nitrogen-containing inorganic salts and organic intermediates, sulfonamides, polyurethanes, polyamide fibers and nitrile rubbers all need to use ammonia as raw materials directly.
4. In addition, liquid ammonia is often used as a refrigerant, and ammonia can also be used as a biofuel to provide energy.