Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas and the lightest known gas. Hydrogen is generally non-corrosive, but at high pressures and temperatures, hydrogen can cause embrittlement in some steel grades. Hydrogen is non-toxic, but not life-sustaining, it is a suffocating agent.
High purity hydrogen finds widespread usage in the electronics industry as a reducing agent and as a carrier gas.
Hydrogen is most frequently produced for on-site usage by steam reforming of natural gas. Such plants may also be used as sources of hydrogen for the merchant market. Other sources are electrolysis plants, where the hydrogen is a by-product of chlorine production, and various waste gas recovery plants, such as at oil refineries or steel plants (coke oven gas). Hydrogen is also produced by electrolysis of water.
| Gas | Hydrogen |
| CAS No. | 1333-74-0 |
| Purity | ≥99.0% |
Ultrapure hydrogen is mainly used in the manufacture of large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits to provide a reducing atmosphere. High-purity hydrogen is used as the base gas for the preparation of mixed doping gases such as SiH4/H2, PH3/H2, B2H6/H2, etc.
Hydrogen finds some usage in the welding and cutting of metals.
Hydrogen is used in large quantities, (bulk supply or on- site generation) for the hydrogenation of vegetable and animal oils to produce margarine and other fats. Extremely pure hydrogen is used in the chemical industry for fine reduction processes.
Hydrogen in large quantities is used in petrochemical processes that include hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulphurization, hydrotreatment.
Hydrogen is used extensively in the metals industries because of its ability to reduce metal oxides and prevent oxidation of metals during heat treatment. It may be used ether pure, as is often the case when heat treating stain- less steel, or in a mixture with inert gases, argon or nitro- gen. It is used in the production of carbon steels, special metals and semiconductors.
Hydrogen is used as fuel in fuel cell applications. In electrical power plants hydrogen is used as a coolant gas in turbogenerators.
Liquefied hydrogen is used as a rocket fuel. In the laboratory liquid hydrogen is employed for solid physics research.
In the nuclear industry para-hydrogen is employed to fill bubble chambers.
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