Helium is inert and the least soluble of all gases in liquids and is therefore used as a pressurization. Being inert, helium is used as a constituent in neutral atmospheres e.g., in heat treatment applications requiring a protective atmosphere.
Helium is used extensively in the welding industry as an inert shielding gas for arc welding. It is also used in conjunction with helium (“leak”) detectors to test the integrity of fabricated components and systems.
The primary source of helium is from natural gas wells. It is obtained by a liquefaction and stripping operation.
Due to the world shortage in helium, many applications have recovery systems to reclaim the helium.
| Gas | Helium |
| CAS No. | 7440-59-7 |
| Purity | ≥99.99% |
Helium is used as a combined cooling and shielding medium for the pulling of optical fibres.
Helium is used for cooling of uranium rods in nuclear reactors.
Helium is used to fill large balloons for upper atmosphere and cosmic ray studies. Small helium balloons are used by weather forecasters to carry meteorological instruments.
Helium is used as a propellant in the "helium cannon" used in model firing tunnels. It also finds use as a working gas in some hypersonic wind tunnels.
Helium is used as a carrier gas or as a purge gas for a variety of semiconductor processes. Helium is also used for epitaxial crystal growth (inert atmosphere).
Helium is used as a calibration gas and a balance gas in calibration mixtures. It is also used as carrier gas in gas chromatography. It is used as a purge gas and a zero (span) gas for analytical instruments.
Helium is also used for vacuum breaking in heat treatment furnaces.
Helium is also used as airbag inflating gas in high pressure capsules.
Liquid helium is used to cool the superconductive magnets in NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) for analytical or medical purposes and in the R&D to study processes around absolute Zero.
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